Equine Influenza: What Every Horse Owner Should Know

Owning a horse is a wonderful and often transcendent experience, but it isn’t all whickers and magnificent moments. Horses may be big, strong, and powerful, but they are also extremely susceptible to illness and injury. One of the almost endless things horse owners should be on the lookout for is equine influenza, sometimes known as horse flu. A local Wickenburg, AZ  equine vet discusses some basic information about equine influenza below.

What Is Equine Influenza?

Equine influenza, like human flu, is a highly contagious respiratory disease. It affects horses, donkeys, and mules. It can also infect other species, such as dogs. The sickness is caused by two separate influenza viruses. These two viruses, H7N7 and H3N8, are distinct from the ones that cause human and avian flu, despite their similarities.

There are various subtypes of Influenza A. Some become zoonotic, which means they can spread between animals. If you’re wondering about the name, the H stands for hemagglutinin and the N for neuraminidase. Both proteins can be detected on the virus’s surface. There are 18 H subtypes and 11 N subtypes, totaling 198 potential combinations. Different strains can exchange genetic information. This is true for several of the more deadly flus, including swine flu and avian flu.

When Did Equine Influenza First Appear?

There is nothing new about equine influenza. Outbreaks have been documented throughout history. In fact, when horses were our primary mode of transportation, EI outbreaks devastated the economy. Today’s outbreaks primarily affect the equine world, but they can still be devastating.

How Does Equine Influenza Spread?

Equine influenza is quite contagious. The flu can be communicated directly or indirectly. Unfortunately, horses can be contagious before they exhibit symptoms.

The disease spreads via direct interaction with afflicted animals, or through infected clothing, brushes, buckets, or tack. It is worth noting that EI outbreaks are more likely in regions with a high concentration of horses, such as shows, races, auctions, and so on. Outbreaks typically spread quickly, especially during show seasons. The more congested a location, the greater the risk. Horses are also more vulnerable during transportation, especially if they share a trailer or use one that has recently been occupied by an infected horse.

Some significant points about transmission:

• Many horses are immune to the virus, but they can still transfer it. This means that even if a horse appears to be in excellent health, he could contaminate his entire herd and stable mates.
• Airborne droplets from coughing horses can spread the illness for up to 150 feet. 
• Horses can shed the virus for up to two weeks after becoming infected.
• The rapid spread of equine influenza is particularly worrying. The virus normally incubates for one to five days. This speed enables for quick spread. That is especially risky at events like shows and races.
• Transmission rates tend to increase throughout the cold months.

What Are The Signs That A Horse Has Equine Influenza?

One of the more common symptoms is watery nasal discharge. Other symptoms include a cough, fatigue, lack of appetite, and weakness. Your horse’s lymph nodes may also be swollen.

Is There A Vaccine For Equine Influenza?

Fortunately, vaccinations are available. Your veterinarian will be able to provide you specific recommendations for the best vaccine and booster regimen. This will vary a little. If your horse travels and/or competes frequently, he may require boosters every six months. A pregnant mare must be immunized before she may foal.

How is Equine Influenza Treated?

Healthy horses often just need supportive care. Rest is vital. The typical guideline is that Silver takes one day off for every day he has a fever.

Equine flu, like human influenza, has a greater impact on certain horses than others. If your horse’s fever exceeds 104F (40C), your equine veterinarian may prescribe nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) or, in certain situations, antibiotics. 

What Is The Prognosis For Horses Infected With Equine Influenza?

Most horses recover in two or three weeks. However, while it is rare, the horse flu can be lethal. It’s also crucial to remember that certain horses will be extremely sensitive to subsequent illnesses while they recuperate. In general, keep in mind that each horse’s recovery period will vary slightly. Horses who were seriously injured may require up to 6 months to fully recover. When it comes to reintroducing your horse to his usual riding/working schedule, take it slowly. For more precise guidance, consult with your Wickenburg, AZ  equine veterinarian.

How Do I Protect My Horse From Equine Flu?

The prevention of horse influenza is not an exact science. It’s also tough to avoid when horses come into touch with a variety of horses, either directly or through stablemates. However, common sense precautions can lessen the risk. For instance, horses should be isolated for a certain amount of time after being purchased or relocated to a new barn. 

It’s also important to keep up with good cleaning practices, not just for stalls, but also for items such as tack and brushes. Always wash your hands before and after working with your horse. Do not share your horse’s equipment with his stable mates, and be especially cautious during outbreaks and activities such as shows.

Keep an eye out for the warning indicators described above. If you experience any of these symptoms or anything else out of the ordinary, contact your Wickenburg, AZ  equine veterinarian immediately.

Schedule an Appointment With Our Wickenburg, AZ  Equine Veterinarians

Do you need a great equine vet? Contact Hassayampa Veterinary Services, serving Wickenburg, AZ and the surrounding communities